‘Made in China 2025’ in the time of tariff wars

Made in China 2025' thrives with subsidies for tech, EV makers - Nikkei Asia

Since the policy’s launch a decade ago, China’s industrial upgrade has widened to boost economic security and self-reliance.

Made in China 2025 plan thrives with subsidies for tech and EV makers
The success of China’s “Made in China 2025” initiative cannot be judged simply by how effective the policy was in developing robotics, aerospace, advanced information technology, biopharma, new energy vehicles, and the five other key sectors that were meant to transform the country from a low-cost manufacturing hub into a global high-tech leader. It also needs to be evaluated in light of the priorities that fully emerged only after its launch in 2015: achieving technological self-reliance and bringing industrial supply chains within China’s borders.
What tariffs? Another China GDP forecast rises on fast start, capital  outlays | South China Morning Post
Over the past decade, the Made in China 2025 strategy has successfully driven industrial development in many of its 10 focus sectors. But Beijing’s shift toward economic security has broadened this approach, bringing a wider move toward cross-sectoral industrial dominance and more self-sufficient, high-tech supply chains.

Exclusive | Made in China 2025: China meets most targets in manufacturing plan, proving US tariffs and sanctions ineffective | South China Morning Post

While localizing value chains inside China and self-sufficiency were part of the mix 10 years ago, the strategy was primarily designed to help China avoid the middle-income development trap, position its companies to become global leaders in their fields, and generate sustained economic growth through assertive industrial policy. China has made great strides in shifting its focus from low-cost production to tech innovation and manufacturing quality – yet supply chain dependencies persist.

Made in China 2025: The domestic tech plan that sparked an international  backlash - The China Project

When Made in China 2025 was launched, it focused on 10 industries with a range of goals. The original policy and roadmap prioritized targets for market share and patent applications and the development of quality Chinese brands, while more broadly aiming to upgrade the economy to move China up global value chains. At the time, the country enjoyed access to international markets, foreign technology, and cross-border investment – and most of its policymakers, private sector, and scientific community did not support a push for more self-reliance.

 

Title: Made in China 2025 Revisited: A Blueprint for Global Tech Leadership?

For instance, tech companies like Alibaba and Tencent focused their R&D efforts on the design side of the semiconductor value chain but relied on South Korean or Taiwanese technology for the actual production of chips.

China's Xi doubles down on self-reliance, rallying officials to bolster  manufacturing | South China Morning Post

The onset of the China-U.S. trade war during Donald Trump’s first presidency changed this equation. Washington’s restrictions on Chinese tech giants Huawei and ZTE and the resulting broader tech war after 2018 galvanized Chinese society to embrace a whole-of-nation effort for technological advancement and self-reliance. Accordingly, the focus of Made in China 2025, as well as Beijing’s metrics for assessing its results, shifted from avoiding the middle-income trap to achieving technological independence across its 10 focus sectors – with varying degrees of success.

Source :

The Diplomat

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