Pakistan achieved “military success over India” during the May conflict, according to a report submitted to the United States Congress, which also acknowledged that Islamabad downed Indian jets, including French-made Rafale fighters, using Chinese-supplied weapons.

The conflict was instigated by India after launching strikes inside Pakistan following a deadly attack that killed 26 people in Indian Illegally Occupied Jammu and Kashmir’s Pahalgam town.

The US-China Economic and Security Review Commission report — reviewing US-China security and foreign affairs — highlighted the deepening defence cooperation between Islamabad and Beijing, stating that Pakistan employed advanced Chinese weaponry to enhance its military edge over India.

The conflict saw Pakistan successfully employing China’s modern weapons systems in active combat for the first time, including the HQ-9 air-defence system, PL-15 air-to-air missiles, and J-10C fighter aircraft.

The clash — during which Islamabad says it downed seven Indian fighter jets, including Rafales — became a notable “selling point” for China’s defence sales efforts, the report added.

It also noted that China offered to sell 40 J-35 fifth-generation fighter jets, KJ-500 surveillance aircraft, and ballistic missile defence systems to Pakistan in June.

The report also emphasised the intensity of the conflict, observing that both countries struck targets deeper into each other’s territories “than at any point in the past 50 years”.

The deadly conflict between the two countries began when India conducted missile strikes inside Pakistan during the night of May 5 and 6, which New Delhi claimed were aimed at “terrorist targets” in response to the Pahalgam attack.

However, the strikes resulted in the martyrdom of several civilians and security personnel, while Pakistan, in addition to downing Rafales and other fighter jets, downed dozens of drones.

Pakistan Armed Forces then launched a large-scale retaliatory strike, named “Operation Bunyan-um-Marsoos”, targeting over 20 Indian military sites across multiple regions.

The Pakistan Air Force also used its JF-17 Thunder jets to destroy India’s S-400 air defence system in Adampur by using hypersonic missiles.

The clashes between the two nuclear-armed nations came to a close on May 10 after a ceasefire agreement brokered by the United States.