Mr. Duterte drew international ire after issuing his latest threat against drug dealers and drug addicts on Sept. 30.

The president – who underestimated the number of Jews killed in the Holocaust; it was six million – said he was routinely depicted as being a “cousin of Hitler.”

Mr. Duterte used the expletive, sometimes translated as “son of a bitch,” in a warning to President Obama about bringing up extrajudicial killings at an international forum held in Laos in September.

Mr. Obama canceled the meeting and Mr. Duterte apologized. The two men met briefly a few days later.

While running for president, Mr. Duterte, who had been mayor of Davao City and employed vigilante militias there, promised a similar national strategy against drug dealers.

He told voters: “Forget the laws on human rights. If I make it to the presidential palace, I will do just what I did as mayor.”

In the same campaign speech, Mr. Duterte said he would dump the bodies of slain drug dealers “into Manila Bay, and fatten all the fish there.”

In August, Mr. Duterte warned Maria Lourdes Sereno, the chief justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines, that if she tried to thwart his drug war he would declare martial law.

The threat was made after the judge responded to Mr. Duterte’s accusations that several judges were drug addicts.

He joked at a campaign event in April about the rape and murder of an Australian missionary by inmates during a prison riot in Davao when he was mayor in 1989.

Mr. Duterte complained that Pope Francis’ visit to the Philippines, a majority Catholic country, led him to become snarled in a traffic jam in January 2015.

After bishops condemned him for his language, Mr. Duterte apologized.

Addressing business leaders at a campaign event in April, Mr. Duterte bragged about his reputation as a womanizer.

In a speech to local officials, Mr. Duterte complained that Washington was refusing to sell weapons to his government, and threatened to turn to China and Russia to purchase arms.