Vietnam’s leaders upgraded relations with Beijing during China’s President Xi Jinping’s visit to Hanoi last week, three months after they had boosted ties with Washington as Joe Biden travelled to the country in what has been seen as a success for Vietnam’s “Bamboo diplomacy”.

Despite language in a China-Vietnam statement that may be seen as directed against the United States, concerns that may hamper Washington’s plans to deepen relations with Hanoi have so far been underplayed.

“Our relationship with Vietnam is not about any third country,” said Cameron Thomas-Shah, spokesperson at the U.S. embassy in Hanoi.

“Our close cooperation with our Vietnamese partners across various sectors, including health, education, technology, and trade, will continue for the foreseeable future,” he added in reply to Reuters questions.

Vietnam’s foreign ministry did not reply to a request for comment.

In a joint declaration issued after Xi’s visit, Vietnam and China committed to stronger security cooperation, including between defence industries and logistics.

The U.S. is also working to boost defence cooperation with Vietnam.

Carl Thayer, a senior expert in Vietnam security at the Australian Defence Force Academy in Canberra, said those “aspirational goals” with China were unlikely to affect defence cooperation with Washington.

Vietnam and China also agreed to enhance intelligence exchanges to prevent “hostile forces” from supporting grassroots movements such as those that led in recent years to revolutions in former Communist countries – which critics say were promoted by Washington.